The Cholesterol Conversation

UNDERSTANDING HDL AND LDL AND WHY BOTH MATTER TO YOUR HEART

You’ve likely heard cholesterol described as either “good” or “bad,” but the reality is a bit more nuanced. Cholesterol itself isn’t the enemy. It’s a waxy, fat-like substance your body needs to build cells, produce hormones, and support digestion.

Th key lies in how cholesterol travels through your bloodstream and the balance between its two main carriers: HDL and LDL. According to the American Heart Association, cholesterol moves through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. The two most talked about are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and they play very different roles in heart health.

LDL is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, but that label can be misleading. LDL’s job is to deliver cholesterol from the liver to cells throughout the body, where it’s needed for normal function. Problems arise when there is too much LDL in the bloodstream. Excess LDL can build up along artery walls, forming

plaque that narrows arteries and restricts blood flow. Over time, this buildup increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.

HDL, on the other hand, is known as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. HDL carries cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart

disease because this process helps keep arteries clear and flexible.

Rather than focusing on one number alone, the American Heart Association emphasizes looking at cholesterol as part of a bigger picture. LDL levels are especially important when assessing heart disease risk, but HDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, blood sugar, and lifestyle factors all work together to

influence overall cardiovascular health.

So what helps tip the balance in a hearthealthy direction? Daily habits matter. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and healthy fats like those found in olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish can help lower LDL levels. Regular physical activity has been shown to raise HDL cholesterol, even in moderate amounts such as brisk walking. Avoiding tobacco products and maintaining a healthy weight also play an important role. It’s worth noting that cholesterol levels are influenced by genetics as well as lifestyle.

Some people may follow all the right habits and still have elevated LDL levels, which is why regular checkups and conversations with a healthcare provider are essential. In some cases, medication may be recommended alongside lifestyle changes to manage risk. Understanding HDL and LDL doesn’t require

becoming a medical expert. It simply means recognizing that cholesterol balance matters. With informed choices and routine monitoring, supporting heart health can become a natural part of everyday living rather than a source of stress or confusion.

Know Your Numbers

The American Heart Association recommends adult s age 20 and older have their cholesterol checked every four to six years, or more often if risk factors are present. While individual goals may vary, general guidelines suggest aiming for an LDL level below 100 mg/dL and an HDL level of 60 mg/dL or higher. Total cholesterol is ideally kept under 200 mg/dL. Triglycerides, another type of blood fat, also play

a role in heart health and should be below 150 mg/dL. A healthcare provider can help interpret these numbers in the context of overall risk.